The influence of Gothic Art in film by Luke Robinson- media magazine December 2013
Summary-
Robinson first begins by describing the history of the Gothic style with the earliest gothic artefacts being monument sculptures in cathedrals and Abbeys that developed from a Romanesque tradition. Gothic paintings from the 14th to 15th century focused on secular subjects such as hunting scenes, chivalric themes, and depictions of historical events also appeared. He then goes on to say that eventually the term developed into what became known as international Gothic with a sense of ‘naturalism’ that continued to evolve in the 15th-16th century.
His next section is the main body of the article all about Gothic influences on screen. The Gothic style was first seen on screen during the era of German expressionist cinema in the 1920s. In these films, the dark, depressing, often surreal artistic values reflected the essence of the Gothic style. Robinson suggests that gothic cinema became more prevalent after devastation such as the German economic crisis in the 1920s and the detrimental impact that the end of WW2 had on Britain. He then details how sets reinforce this Gothic feel through elongated shadows and walls, harsh contrast and deep backgrounds. Shadows are deliberately used to evoke feelings of terror without revealing anything explicitly horrific which is why lighting is an integral to the Gothic style. Robinson states that Gothic art has been a great influence to cinematographers and directors, referencing art like ‘The House by the Railroad 1925’ and ‘the Devil and Daniel Webster 1939’.
The next paragraph focuses on recognisable features of Gothic art which is then reflected in film. Humans pictured inside large spaces and often the use of grotesque creatures and monsters can be seen in ‘Aliens 1986’ with the ship being the dark and spacious environment that they are trapped in with a monster (the alien). The paintings of Francis Bacon is also said to have been the inspiration for the look of Heath Ledger’s Joker in ‘The Dark Knight 2008’.
Then he talks of how recognisable features of Gothic art were reflected in books too.’The nightmare 1781 by Henry Fuseli has said to influence the work of Mary Shelley with her famous Frankenstein novel and Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ in which he references a Fuseli work.
Robinson finally talks of the importance of Tim Burton in the progression of the Gothic genre in film. Burton’s films contain the visual and emotional elements of Gothic nature, but without the inclusion of needless horror and gore. ‘Vincent 1982’ follows a main character who is obsessed with Edgar Allan Poe, ‘Frankenweenie 2012’ clearly takes inspiration from Frankenstein, and the same Gothic tone can be seen in ‘Edward Scissorhands 1990’, ‘Sleepy hollow 1999’, ‘Corpse Bride 2005’ and ‘Sweeney Todd 2007’.
To conclude, Robinson says that Gothic art has always had influence on the Gothic genre in film and literature and will continue to evolve as a Genre.
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